Table 4.
Logistic regression analyses comparing respondents (N = 839) reporting past 12-month use of cocaine only (n = 144), opioids only (n = 622) or both (n = 73) with regard to past 12-month use of other substances and lifetime help-seeking for problems with drug use
| Variable | Heavy drinking
|
Cigarettes
|
Sedatives
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% Cl | p value | OR | 95% Cl | p value | OR | 95% Cl | p-value | |
| Family history | 2.01 | 1.32–3.07 | .001 | 1.11 | 0.73–1.68 | .620 | 1.75 | 1.15–2.66 | .009 |
| Cocaine use only | 1.03 | 0.31–3.47 | .961 | 0.54 | 0.22–1.32 | .177 | 0.25 | 0.10–059 | .002 |
| Opioid use only | 0.43 | 0.15–1.21 | .110 | 0.33 | 0.15–0.72 | .005 | 0.43 | 0.22–0.82 | .011 |
|
| |||||||||
| Tranquilizers | Cannabis | Amphetamines | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Family history | 1.57 | 1.02–2.34 | .040 | 1.40 | 0.91–2.17 | .127 | 1.54 | 0.90–2.62 | .114 |
| Cocaine use only | 0.15 | 0.07–034 | <.001 | 0.60 | 0.27–1.32 | .204 | 0.16 | 0.07–0.36 | <.001 |
| Opioid useonly | 0.31 | 0.17–0.55 | <.001 | 0.11 | 0.06–0.23 | <.001 | 0.13 | 0.06–026 | <.001 |
|
| |||||||||
| Hallucinogens | Inhalants | Life time drug help seeking | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Family history | 1.55 | 0.82–2.93 | .177 | 0.90 | 0.33–2.44 | .828 | 1.72 | 1.07–2.77 | .021 |
| Cocaine use only | 0.53 | 0.22–1.26 | .153 | 1.07 | 0.33–3.52 | .910 | 0.83 | 0.39–1.76 | .630 |
| Opioid use only | 0.07 | 0.03–0.15 | <.001 | 0.16 | 0.05–0.48 | .001 | 0.32 | 0.16–0.63 | .001 |
Notes: For each model, dependent variable was at least one Incidence in the past 12 months compared to no incidences with the exception of lifetime drug help seeking where the dependent variable was at least one lifetime Incidence compared to no incidences. Cocaine use only and opioid use only were dummy codes with cocaine/oploid co-use as the reference group. Family history was coded 1 for at least one first-order relative with a history of a drug problem and 0 for no first-order relative with a history of a drug problem In each model, the following variables were held constant: sex, mantal status (currently married or unmarried), military status, educational attainment (at least some college or not), race/ethnicity (White or non-White), and age. Full results including findings for these covariates are available from the authors. OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence Interval.