Table 1.
Clinical, pathological, and molecular features according to the tumour CD274 expression score in 823 colorectal cancer cases
| Characteristic* | Total No. (n=823) | Tumour CD274 expression score
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n=92) | 1/2 (n=450) | 3/4 (n=281) | P value† | ||
| Mean age±SD (yr) | 69.1±9.0 | 69.9±9.5 | 69.6±8.9 | 68.1±8.9 | 0.06 |
| Sex | 0.11 | ||||
| Men | 365 (44%) | 45 (49%) | 209 (46%) | 111 (39%) | |
| Women | 458 (56%) | 47 (51%) | 241 (54%) | 170 (61%) | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.003 | ||||
| Prior to 1999 | 407 (50%) | 41 (45%) | 204 (46%) | 162 (58%) | |
| 1999 to 2008 | 408 (50%) | 50 (55%) | 242 (54%) | 116 (42%) | |
| Family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative | 0.86 | ||||
| Absent | 642 (79%) | 73 (80%) | 354 (80%) | 215 (78%) | |
| Present | 168 (21%) | 18 (20%) | 90 (20%) | 60 (22%) | |
| Tumour location | 0.06 | ||||
| Proximal colon | 412 (50%) | 42 (46%) | 233 (52%) | 137 (49%) | |
| Distal colon | 242 (30%) | 22 (24%) | 127 (29%) | 93 (33%) | |
| Rectum | 163 (20%) | 28 (30%) | 85 (19%) | 50 (18%) | |
| pT stage | 0.034 | ||||
| pT1 | 74 (10%) | 16 (19%) | 43 (10%) | 15 (6%) | |
| pT2 | 150 (20%) | 17 (20%) | 82 (20%) | 51 (20%) | |
| pT3 | 496 (65%) | 47 (55%) | 272 (65%) | 177 (70%) | |
| PT4 | 38 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 22 (5%) | 11 (4%) | |
| pN stage | 0.13 | ||||
| pN0 | 450 (61%) | 52 (67%) | 259 (64%) | 139 (56%) | |
| pN1 | 180 (25%) | 16 (21%) | 89 (22%) | 75 (30%) | |
| pN2 | 102 (14%) | 10 (13%) | 59 (15%) | 33 (13%) | |
| M stage | 0.17 | ||||
| M0 | 641 (84%) | 73 (91%) | 351 (84%) | 217 (83%) | |
| M1 | 118 (16%) | 7 (9%) | 65 (16%) | 46 (17%) | |
| Disease stage | 0.12 | ||||
| I | 175 (23%) | 23 (29%) | 99 (24%) | 53 (20%) | |
| II | 245 (32%) | 27 (34%) | 143 (34%) | 75 (29%) | |
| III | 221 (29%) | 23 (29%) | 109 (26%) | 89 (34%) | |
| IV | 118 (16%) | 7 (9%) | 65 (16%) | 46 (17%) | |
| No. of negative lymph nodes | 0.14 | ||||
| 0–4 | 159 (23%) | 20 (27%) | 86 (23%) | 53 (23%) | |
| 5–8 | 156 (23%) | 12 (16%) | 87 (23%) | 57 (25%) | |
| 9–14 | 178 (26%) | 24 (32%) | 86 (23%) | 68 (30%) | |
| ≥15 | 185 (27%) | 19 (25%) | 115 (31%) | 51 (22%) | |
| Tumour differentiation | 0.22 | ||||
| Well to moderate | 744 (91%) | 78 (86%) | 409 (91%) | 257 (91%) | |
| Poor | 77 (9%) | 13 (14%) | 40 (9%) | 24 (9%) | |
| Extent of extracellular mucin | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0% | 482 (60%) | 45 (51%) | 249 (56%) | 188 (68%) | |
| 1–50% | 238 (29%) | 22 (25%) | 144 (32%) | 72 (26%) | |
| ≥50% | 90 (11%) | 22 (25%) | 51 (11%) | 17 (6%) | |
| Extent of signet ring cells | 0.004 | ||||
| 0% | 714 (88%) | 73 (83%) | 386 (87%) | 255 (92%) | |
| 1–50% | 87 (11%) | 11 (13%) | 54 (12%) | 22 (8%) | |
| ≥50% | 8 (1%) | 4 (5%) | 4 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Extent of solid tumour areas | 0.06 | ||||
| 0% | 583 (83%) | 61 (80%) | 308 (80%) | 214 (88%) | |
| 1–50% | 96 (14%) | 10 (13%) | 63 (16%) | 23 (9%) | |
| ≥50% | 27 (4%) | 5 (7%) | 15 (4%) | 7 (3%) | |
| Tumour growth pattern | 0.11 | ||||
| Expansile | 216 (29%) | 33 (41%) | 118 (29%) | 65 (26%) | |
| Intermediate | 413 (56%) | 38 (48%) | 231 (56%) | 144 (57%) | |
| Infiltrative | 113 (15%) | 9 (11%) | 61 (15%) | 43 (17%) | |
| MSI status | 0.001 | ||||
| MSI-low/MSS | 663 (83%) | 64 (70%) | 358 (83%) | 241 (87%) | |
| MSI-high | 136 (17%) | 27 (30%) | 74 (17%) | 35 (13%) | |
| CIMP status | 0.038 | ||||
| Low/negative | 622 (83%) | 62 (76%) | 330 (81%) | 230 (87%) | |
| High | 131 (17%) | 20 (24%) | 76 (19%) | 35 (13%) | |
| BRAF mutation | 0.86 | ||||
| Wild-type | 683 (85%) | 77 (84%) | 368 (85%) | 238 (86%) | |
| Mutant | 120 (15%) | 15 (16%) | 66 (15%) | 39 (14%) | |
| KRAS mutation | 0.11 | ||||
| Wild-type | 475 (59%) | 64 (70%) | 253 (58%) | 158 (58%) | |
| Mutant | 324 (41%) | 28 (30%) | 181 (42%) | 115 (42%) | |
| PIK3CA mutation | 0.32 | ||||
| Wild-type | 641 (85%) | 74 (86%) | 359 (87%) | 208 (83%) | |
| Mutant | 111 (15%) | 12 (14%) | 55 (13%) | 44 (17%) | |
| Mean LINE-1 methylation level±SD (%) | 62.3±9.7 | 63.6±9.4 | 62.7±10.0 | 61.1±9.2 | 0.035 |
| Fusobacterium nucleatum DNA | 0.041 | ||||
| Negative | 574 (87%) | 60 (77%) | 306 (86%) | 208 (90%) | |
| Low | 45 (7%) | 9 (12%) | 23 (6%) | 13 (6%) | |
| High | 44 (7%) | 9 (12%) | 26 (7%) | 9 (4%) | |
Abbreviations: CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; LINE-1, long interspersed nucleotide element-1; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable; SD, standard deviation.
Percentage indicates the proportion of cases with a specific clinical, pathological, or molecular feature in colorectal cancer cases with each tumour CD274 expression level. There were cases that had missing values for any of the characteristics except for age and sex.
To assess associations between tumour CD274 expression level and categorical variables (except for the extents of signet ring cells and solid tumour areas, for which Fisher’s exact test was performed), the chi-square test was performed. To compare mean age and mean LINE-1 methylation levels, an analysis of variance was performed. We adjusted two-sided α level to 0.002 (=0.05/22) by simple Bonferroni correction for multiple hypothesis testing.