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Effect of indoxyl sulfate (IS) on cell proliferation in MCs. After mesangial cells were cultivated to 60%–70% confluence, they were treated with IS for 24 h at different doses (0, 250, and 500 μM) and cell proliferation was measured by cell counting (a) and [3H] thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation (b). Values are means ± SD; n = 6 in each group.
