Table 2.
Prevalence of Dental Caries and Untreated Tooth Decay Among Pregnant Women and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age by Selected Characteristics – United States, 1999–2004
| Selected characteristics | Prevalence of dental caries (DFS>0)
|
Prevalence of untreated dental caries (DS>0)
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant women
|
Nonpregnant women
|
P-value† | Pregnant women
|
Nonpregnant women
|
P-value† | |||||
| % (P-value)* | s.e. | % (P-value)* | s.e. | % (P-value)* | s.e. | % (P-value)* | s.e. | |||
| Total | N=847 | N=3711 | N=847 | N=3711 | ||||||
| 87.2 | 2.1 | 86.6 | 0.8 | 0.770 | 28.3 | 3.1 | 24.2 | 1.2 | 0.245 | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 15–24 | 82.5 (<0.001)‡ | 2.7 | 75.4 (<0.001)‡ | 1.5 | 0.022 | 41.1 (0.071) | 4.8 | 23.6 (0.593) | 1.7 | 0.001¶ |
| 25–34 | 87.6 (0.016) | 3.3 | 89.6 (0.050) | 1.5 | 0.579 | 21.6 (0.917) | 3.6 | 24.1 (0.773) | 1.9 | 0.560 |
| 35–44 | 97.3 (ref) | 1.5 | 93.2 (ref) | 0.9 | 0.021 | 22.6 (ref) | 8.9 | 24.7 (ref) | 1.5 | 0.809 |
| Race/Ethnicity§ | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 88.8 (ref) | 2.9 | 87.1 (ref) | 1.0 | 0.600 | 17.8 (ref) | 3.9 | 18.9 (ref) | 1.6 | 0.802 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 82.1 (0.126) | 3.4 | 85.9 (0.524) | 1.3 | 0.295 | 45.3 (<0.001)‡ | 4.9 | 39.2 (<0.001)‡ | 2.1 | 0.247 |
| Mexican American | 76.2 (0.008) | 4.3 | 82.6 (0.013) | 1.5 | 0.122 | 42.2 (<0.001)‡ | 5.6 | 34.9 (<0.001)‡ | 2.4 | 0.195 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| < High School | 81.2 (0.013) | 3.1 | 76.7 (<0.001)‡ | 1.4 | 0.186 | 45.6 (<0.001)‡ | 4.8 | 36.5 (<0.001)‡ | 2.3 | 0.072 |
| High School Diploma | 81.2 (0.100) | 6.0 | 88.1 (0.180) | 1.4 | 0.264 | 44.9 (<0.001)‡ | 6.5 | 32.7 (<0.001)‡ | 2.1 | 0.078 |
| > High School | 91.3 (ref) | 2.3 | 90.3 (ref) | 1.1 | 0.690 | 16.7 (ref) | 3.3 | 15.1 (ref) | 1.2 | 0.654 |
| Poverty status• | ||||||||||
| <100% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) | 83.6 (0.002)‡ | 2.5 | 85.0 (0.114) | 1.5 | 0.628 | 53.0 (<0.001)‡ | 4.8 | 40.6 (<0.001)‡ | 2.9 | 0.013 |
| 100%–199% of the FPL | 73.5 (0.007) | 7.1 | 86.1 (0.279) | 1.5 | 0.077 | 20.2 (0.323) | 3.7 | 34.1 (<0.001)‡ | 2.1 | 0.005 |
| ≥200% of the FPL | 93.6 (ref) | 1.5 | 88.0 (ref) | 1.1 | 0.002¶ | 15.7 (ref) | 3.4 | 14.0 (ref) | 1.3 | 0.665 |
Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004. s.e.=standard error. ref=reference group.
P-values in parenthesis correspond to comparisons against the reference group within each sociodemographic characteristic and pregnancy status.
P-values correspond to comparisons between pregnant and nonpregnant women for each level of the sociodemographic characteristic.
P-value that remains statistically significant after Bonferroni adjustment. A total of 16 pairwise tests comparing levels of each sociodemographic characteristic require a Bonferroni corrected cut-off of 0.05/16, P<0.003125. Therefore, values exceeding this cut-off but lower than P<0.05 should be interpreted with caution because it may be an effect of chance. Values in a sociodemographic subgroup (e.g., age groups) among either pregnant or nonpregnant women with a (‡) mean they are significantly different from the reference category (e.g., If the percentage of pregnant women aged 15 to 24 years has a (‡), it means that the percentage is significantly different from the percentage of pregnant women aged 35 to 44 years – the reference group).
P-value that remains statistically significant after the Bonferroni adjustment. A total of 13 pairwise tests between pregnant and nonpregnant women require a Bonferroni corrected cut-off of 0.05/13, P<0.00385. Therefore, values exceeding this cut-off but lower than P<0.05 should be interpreted with caution because it may be an effect of chance.
All race/ethnicity categories are included in the total but not presented as separate race/ethnicity strata.
Poverty status is defined by the ratio of family income to the federal poverty level (FPL).