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. 2016 Oct 13;99(5):1005–1014. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.019

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© 2016 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Oral Features of Periodontal EDS

(A) Gingival tissues of a non-affected control child (1:V-1). The gingiva is subdivided into the non-attached free gingival margin (FG), the attached gingiva (AG), and the interdental papilla (IP). The gingival epithelium is keratinized and performs a protective function during mastication. The attached gingiva is tightly bound to the periostum via collagen structures. The border between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa (AM) is the mucogingival junction (MGJ). The oral mucosal epithelium is non-keratinized and only loosely connected to the periostum; therefore, it is more fragile.

(B and C) Gingival tissues of an affected child (1:V-2) (B) and of an affected adult (1:IV-1) (C). The attached gingiva is missing; the oral mucosa extends to the free gingival margin and the interdental papillae.

(D) Dental radiograph of a non-affected individual (1:IV-4). The alveolar crest is the most cervical rim of the alveolar bone (arrow); in health, it is located approximately 1 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction (border between dental crown and root).

(E) Dental radiograph of an affected individual 1:IV-2, aged 24 years. Notice periodontal bone loss (BL) in the lower jaw. The alveolar crest is now located more apically.