Table 1.
Demographic characteristics according to the diagnosis of COPD
| Variables | Enrolled number | Representing number | Non-COPD | COPD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 3,283 | 23,541,704 | 2,771 (representing 20,082,025) | 512 (representing 3,459,679) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 1,376 | 11,252,028 | 8,604,056 (76.5%) | 2,647,971 (23.5%) | |
| Female | 1,907 | 12,289,677 | 11,477,969 (93.4%) | 811,708 (6.6%) | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 54.5±0.4 | 64.2±0.7 | <0.001 | ||
| Resident district | 0.006 | ||||
| Urban | 2,556 | 18,092,613 | 15,766,726 (87.1%) | 2,325,887 (12.9%) | |
| Suburban/rural | 727 | 5,449,091 | 4,315,299 (79.2%) | 1,133,792 (20.8%) | |
| Type of residence | <0.001 | ||||
| General type | 1,836 | 17,367,741 | 14,484,857 (83.4%) | 2,882,884 (16.6%) | |
| Apartment | 1,447 | 6,173,963 | 5,597,168 (90.7%) | 576,795 (9.3%) | |
| Household income | <0.001 | ||||
| Lowest quartile (Q1) | 670 | 4,438,281 | 3,381,821 (76.2%) | 1,056,459 (23.8%) | |
| Low-middle quartile (Q2) | 837 | 6,259,228 | 5,302,125 (84.7%) | 957,103 (15.3%) | |
| High-middle quartile (Q3) | 787 | 5,895,330 | 5,113,119 (86.7%) | 782,211 (13.3%) | |
| Highest quartile (Q4) | 949 | 6,651,449 | 6,017,045 (90.5%) | 634,404 (9.5%) | |
| Educational level | <0.001 | ||||
| Below elementary | 1,068 | 6,840,173 | 5,289,636 (77.3%) | 1,550,537 (22.7%) | |
| Middle school | 495 | 3,255,797 | 2,688,555 (82.6%) | 567,242 (17.4%) | |
| High school | 1,008 | 8,268,662 | 7,323,906 (88.6%) | 944,756 (11.4%) | |
| Above university | 707 | 5,137,213 | 4,740,069 (92.3%) | 397,144 (7.7%) | |
| Marital status | 0.261 | ||||
| Married | 3,241 | 23,120,165 | 19,703,137 (85.2%) | 3,417,028 (14.8%) | |
| Unmarried | 41 | 419,691 | 378,888 (90.3%) | 40,803 (9.7%) | |
| Occupation | <0.001 | ||||
| Professional job | 344 | 2,899,674 | 2,676,419 (92.3%) | 223,255 (7.7%) | |
| Office job | 169 | 1,262,324 | 1,101,149 (87.2%) | 161,175 (12.8%) | |
| Service and sales | 408 | 3,387,293 | 3,184,801 (94.0%) | 202,491 (6.0%) | |
| Agriculture and fisheries | 339 | 2,181,427 | 1,636,043 (75.0%) | 545,384 (25.0%) | |
| Technician | 303 | 2,984,528 | 2,485,055 (83.3%) | 499,473 (16.7%) | |
| Laborer | 348 | 2,500,599 | 2,068,775 (82.7%) | 431,824 (17.3%) | |
| Jobless | 1,363 | 8,256,867 | 6,874,613 (83.3%) | 1,382,254 (16.7%) | |
| Smoking history | <0.001 | ||||
| Never smoker | 2,012 | 13,162,867 | 12,119,987 (92.1%) | 1,042,880 (7.9%) | |
| Light smoker | 625 | 5,155,829 | 4,295,088 (83.3%) | 860,741 (16.7%) | |
| Medium smoker | 446 | 3,837,658 | 2,908,730 (75.8%) | 928,928 (24.2%) | |
| Heavy smoker | 200 | 1,385,350 | 758,220 (54.7%) | 627,130 (45.3%) |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.