Table 3.

Multilevel linear regression models: estimated fixed effects of response format and other background variables on patient centeredness scores

Variables	UPC-Q		General item
	Estimate	P-value	Estimate	P-value
Response format	−8.3	***	−10.8	***
Male (vs female)	−0.9	ns	−2.6	***
Age	0.1	*	0.04	ns
Self-perceived health	−4.8	***	−5.3	***
Routine admission (vs emergency)	−1.2	ns	−1.8	ns
Number of admissions in the last 2 years	−1.6	**	−0.7	ns

Notes:

^***P<0.001;

^**P<0.01;

^*P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ns, not significant; UPC-Q, Universal Patient Centeredness Questionnaire.