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(a) Induction of OVA-specific humoral and mucosal immune response 4 weeks after transdermal (t.d.) administration (blue), and laser-adjuvant (l.a.) transdermal administration (yellow) of OVA (mean ± SD, n = 4); n.s., P>0.05. (b) OVA-specific antibody titers measured at 4 weeks after intramuscular (i.m.) injection of OVA (500 μg) and 4 days after OVA challenge test (mean ± SD, n = 4); *, P < 0.05.
