TABLE 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | ASD (n = 903) | Non-ASD (n = 282) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | n | Value | n | All | Value | n | Value | n | All | |
| Age at walking, mo | 14.83 ± 5.66 | 498 | 12.99 ± 2.93 | 405 | 14.00 ± 4.73 | 16.52 ± 5.75 | 102 | 13.43 ± 4.51 | 180 | 14.55 ± 5.2 |
| Late walker (≥16 M) | 148 (30) | 53 (13) | 201 (22) | 50 (49) | 102 | 35 (19) | 180 | 85 (30) | ||
| Seizuresa | 59 (14) | 26 (7) | 85 (11) | 16 (16) | 102 | 9 (5) | 180 | 25 (9) | ||
| Primary diagnosis | 102 | 180 | ||||||||
| ASD | 498 (100) | 405 (100) | 903 (100) | 0 | 0 | |||||
| FASD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (8) | 11 (6) | 20 (7) | ||||
| ID of unknown etiology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 (51) | 0 | 52 (18) | ||||
| Mood/anxiety disorder | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (9) | 40 (22) | 49 (17) | ||||
| ADHD/ODD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 (14) | 78 (43) | 92 (33) | ||||
| Language disorder | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 (15) | 46 (26) | 61 (22) | ||||
| Other or missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (3) | 5 (3) | 8 (3) | ||||
| Age at NVIQ test, y | 6.47 ± 2.15 | 498 | 7.20 ± 2.27 | 405 | 6.80 ± 2.24 | 7.25 ± 2.42 | 102 | 7.17 ± 2.18 | 180 | 7.20 ± 2.26 |
| NVIQb | 55.39 ± 18.69 | 498 | 105.36 ± 14.44 | 405 | 77.80 ± 30.07 | 67.34 ± 15.82 | 102 | 103.01 ± 11.49 | 180 | 90.11 ± 21.65 |
| ADOS CSS | 7.48 ± 1.97 | 478 | 6.79 ± 2.29 | 401 | 7.17 ± 2.15 | 2.95 ± 1.91 | 102 | 2.62 ± 1.92 | 179 | 2.74 ± 1.92 |
| ADOS Social Affect CSS | 7.38 ± 1.98 | 478 | 6.74 ± 2.34 | 401 | 7.09 ± 2.18 | 3.18 ± 1.88 | 102 | 3.01 ± 2.10 | 179 | 3.07 ± 2.03 |
| ADOS RRB CSS | 7.52 ± 2.14 | 478 | 7.03 ± 2.35 | 401 | 7.30 ± 2.25 | 4.36 ± 2.85 | 102 | 3.61 ± 2.61 | 179 | 3.88 ± 2.71 |
| Vineland ABC | 55.28 ± 13.76 | 476 | 74.97 ± 14.86 | 385 | 64.08 ± 17.3 | 69.00 ± 14.78 | 99 | 84.28 ± 14.29 | 172 | 78.7 ± 16.22 |
| Vineland Communication | 58.07 ± 16.43 | 479 | 83.74 ± 17.8 | 384 | 69.49 ± 21.3 | 72.52 ± 14.64 | 99 | 88.47 ± 15.73 | 172 | 82.64 ± 17.14 |
| Vineland Daily Living | 56.52 ± 17.21 | 476 | 77.73 ± 17.34 | 384 | 65.99 ± 20.23 | 71.86 ± 18.53 | 98 | 88.94 ± 15.62 | 171 | 82.72 ± 18.63 |
| Vineland Social | 59.50 ± 11.85 | 478 | 72.50 ± 14.55 | 384 | 65.29 ± 14.62 | 73.24 ± 13.82 | 99 | 83.45 ± 14.17 | 172 | 79.72 ± 14.86 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). ABC, Adaptive Behavior Composite; CSS, Calibrated Severity Score; FASD, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; RRB, Restricted and Repetitive Behavior. Participants with known genetic syndromes were excluded.
Missing parent-reported seizure data on n = 105 (12%) participants with ASD and n = 10 (3%) non-ASD participants. Of the ASD participants with no seizure data, n = 79 had NVIQ <85. Of the non-ASD participants, n = 7 had NVIQ <85. The denominator for the reported proportion in this table excludes those with missing data.
NVIQ was obtained from various versions of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, the Differential Ability Scale, or the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children.