Table 3.

Association between covariates with measures of overweight at age 18.

Covariate	Level	Measures of overweight at age 18
		Overweight		BMI		Waist-hip ratio
		OR	p-value	b	p-value	b	p-value
Female sex		1.45 (1.13;1.86)	0.003	0.57 (0.03;1.10)	0.038	22123.26 (−3.89;−2.63)	<0.001
Ethnicity		0.99 (0.58;1.68)	0.97	−0.24 (−1.60;1.12)	0.73	−0.82 (−2.21;0.58)	0.25
Genetic risk		3.01 (2.55;3.55)	<0.001	2.41 (2.14;2.68)	<0.001	1.79 (1.45;2.13)	<0.001
Birth weight (kg)		1.22 (0.95;1.56)	0.12	0.51 (0.06;0.96)	0.025	0.23 (−0.37;0.83)	0.45
Child internalizing problems		1.01 (0.99;1.02)	0.40	0.01 (−0.02;0.03)	0.51	0.01 (−0.02;0.04)	0.45
Child externalizing problems		1.02 (1.01;1.02)	<0.001	0.04 (0.02;0.06)	<0.001	0.08 (0.06;0.11)	<0.001
Child IQ		0.99 (0.98;1.00)	0.007	−0.03 (−0.04;−0.01)	0.002	−0.05 (−0.07;0.03)	<0.001
Childhood SES	High	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Medium	1.65 (1.21;2.26)	0.002	0.95 (0.33;1.57)	0.003	1.24 (0.46;2.02)	0.002
	Low	1.82 (1.33;2.49)	<0.001	1.18 (0.53;1.83)	<0.001	2.00 (1.18;2.82)	<0.001
Food insecurity	None	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Episodic	1.48 (0.99;2.19)	0.054	0.55 (−0.37;1.47)	0.24	1.16 (0.04;2.29)	0.042
	Sustained	2.13 (1.13;4.01)	0.020	1.61 (−0.03;3.26)	0.06	0.70 (−1.42;2.82)	0.52
Child maltreatment	None	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Probable	0.90 (0.65;1.26)	0.55	0.03 (−0.66;0.72)	0.93	0.50 (−0.34;1.35)	0.25
	Definite	1.46 (0.88;2.42)	0.15	0.71 (−0.38;1.79)	0.20	1.60 (0.21;2.99)	0.024
Weight rating at age 10		3.31 (2.81;3.89)	<0.001	2.31 (2.08;2.55)	<0.001	1.66 (1.36;1.97)	<0.001
Weight rating at age 12		4.21 (3.47;5.11)	<0.001	2.92 (2.63;3.21)	<0.001	2.27 (1.90;2.63)	<0.001
Pubertal development		1.22 (1.14;1.30)	<0.001	0.39 (0.26;0.53)	<0.001	0.04 (−0.15;0.22)	0.70

Results are presented as odds ratios (for overweight) or unstandardized regression coefficients (for BMI and waist-hip ratio) with 95% confidence intervals. Values for waist-hip ratio were multiplied by 100 for these analyses.