Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Nov 2;11:5505–5518. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S115428

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2016 Jiang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

PMC Copyright notice

The targeting effect of ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20.

Notes: (A) The control Raji cells (a) had no red fluorescence of DOX found in their nucleus. The Raji cells treated with ACNP-DOX (b) had the weakest of red fluorescence in all the prepared complexes. The Raji cells treated with free DOX (c) had the strongest red fluorescence found in their nucleus. The fluorescence concentration of DOX in the nuclei of Raji cells treated with ACNP-DOX-DSPE (d) was slightly stronger than ACNP-DOX (b), meaning that ACNP is a sustained-release drug carrier. Raji cells treated with ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20 (e) had the greatest of all the prepared complexes and was nearly equivalent to that of DOX (c) treatment alone; pretreatment with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (f), which blocked cell surface CD20, reduced the fluorescence of intracellular DOX (Red represents fluorescence of DOX and blue is fluorescence of Hoechst 33258. (B) ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20 resulted in the second highest uptake of DOX (B1), but in YTS cells, treatment resulted in the lowest amount of DOX uptake (B2) (1, control; 2, free DOX; 3, ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20; 4, ACNP-DOX; 5, ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000; 6, control; 7, free DOX; 8, ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000; 9, ACNP-DOX; 10, ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20). (C) Fluorescence microscopy observation of the morphology of cell apoptosis in Raji cells (C1) and YTS cells (C2) following treatment with various formulations of DOX (1 μg/mL). The untreated control cells (C1a and C2a) showed no observable apoptosis. Apoptotic cell morphology appeared in both Raji and YTS cells treated with ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000 complex (C1b and C2b). Only Raji cells (C1c) showed observable apoptosis when treated with ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20, and apoptosis was not present in the YTS cells treated with ACNP-DOX-DSPE-PEG2000-anti-CD20 (C2c), indicating that the antibody-conjugated nanoparticles have a selectivity for CD20-positive Raji cells. Apoptotic cell morphology appeared in ACNP-DOX(C1d and C2d). The ACNP-DSPE-PEG2000 treated cells (C1e and C2e) showed no observable apoptosis as the control cells. The Raji and YTS cells treated with noncomplexed free DOX alone (C1f and C2f) had the obvious apoptosis. ACNP-DOX and ACNP-DOX modified with DSPE-PEG2000 showed no selectivity for CD20-positive or CD20-negative cells.

Abbreviations: ACNP, active carbon nanoparticles; DOX, doxorubicin; DSPE, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; PEG, polyethylene glycol.