Table 4. Characteristics of Patients According to Coronary Artery Calcium Scores.
| CACS 0 (n = 43) | CACS 1–399 (n = 59) | CACS ≧400 (n = 20) | P for Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 51.9 ± 13.7 | 64.6 ± 8.8 | 69.1 ± 8.9 | P < 0.001* |
| Male sex, n (%) | 26 (60) | 33 (56) | 13 (65) | P = 0.8 |
| History of smoking, n (%) | 21 (49) | 31 (53) | 8 (40) | P = 0.6 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 26.0 ± 5.5 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | P = 0.2 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 8.1 ± 7.3 | 11.0 ± 10.2 | 15.2 ± 9.0 | P = 0.01* |
| Skin AF, AU | 2.27 ± 0.40 | 2.48 ± 0.43 | 2.57 ± 0.32 | P = 0.008* |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131.0 ± 17.7 | 132.0 ± 18.8 | 132.3 ± 15.1 | P = 0.9 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.4 ± 10.3 | 76.1 ± 13.4 | 71.3 ± 11.1 | P = 0.4 |
| HbA1c, % | 9.66 ± 2.44 | 7.85 ± 2.10 | 8.33 ± 2.02 | P < 0.001* |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl | 172.8 ± 60.4 | 145.0 ± 41.0 | 137.7 ± 45.6 | P = 0.014* |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 85.1 ± 20.7 | 76.2 ± 25.3 | 64.4 ± 17.8 | P = 0.001* |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 107.2 ± 26.5 | 113.3 ± 33.0 | 106.0 ± 27.7 | P = 0.6 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 49.4 ± 11.8 | 53.8 ± 16.3 | 53.3 ± 23.3 | P = 0.6 |
| TG, mg/dl | 143.6 ± 67.5 | 141.8 ± 66.7 | 117.0 ± 84.3 | P = 0.4 |
| Urinary 8-isoprostane, pg/mgCr | 260.8 ± 140 | 248 ± 207 | 321 ± 507 | P = 0.2 |
| Urinary 8-OHdG, ng/mgCr | 11.3 ± 7.9 | 11.2 ± 7.4 | 12.3 ± 9.2 | P = 1.0 |
| MDA-LDL-C, U/dl | 125.5 ± 31.9 | 139.6 ± 45.2 | 130.0 ± 51.4 | P = 0.3 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/l | 0.57 ± 2.44 | 0.19 ± 0.33 | 0.064 ± 0.046 | P = 0.1 |
| N ε-(carboxymethyl) lysine, µ g/ml | 3.55 ± 0.99 | 3.42 ± 1.03 | 3.72 ± 1.08 | P = 0.4 |
| 3-deoxyglucosone, ng/ml | 26.6 ± 18.1 | 23.9 ± 13.2 | 23.6 ± 14.2 | P = 0.9 |
| max IMT, mm | 1.32 ± 0.6 | 1.66 ± 0.61 | 2.3 ± 0.70 | P < 0.001* |
| mean baPWV | 1425 ± 235 | 1579 ± 284 | 1851 ± 344 | P < 0.001* |
Values are means ± SD.
# p < 0.05 (Kruskal Wallis test and the Chi-Square test)