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. 2016 Oct 12;3(10):160098. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160098

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© 2016 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 3. — Congestion hotspot analysis of the city of Milan. Panel (a) shows the typical situation around 9.00 for a weekday. The image and the data have been obtained with Google Maps. Google Maps displays traffic information considering historical data and real-time car velocity reported by smartphones [32]. Panel (b) shows the prediction of the MCM model considering the real road topology obtained using Open Street Map and real traffic data provided by Telecom Italia for their Big Data Challenge. The extracted road network topology is provided in electronic supplementary material, figure S19. For all congestion hotspots the model has predicted, we show its mean increment of the queue size, 〈Δq_i〉.