Table 5.
Model results for a combined household socioeconomic status + parental life histories + parental investment + neighbourhood deprivation + personality model; the same model plus respondent's education.
| all predictors except adolescent education |
all predictors including adolescent education |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| parameter | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
| age at Teen Focus 4 | 1.33 | 1.19–1.49 | <0.001 | 1.34 | 1.19–1.50 | <0.001 |
| sex | 0.74 | 0.58–0.93 | 0.012 | 0.64 | 0.50–0.82 | <0.001 |
| maternal education (ref.: none/CSE) | ||||||
| vocational | 0.93 | 0.57–1.53 | 0.784 | 0.93 | 0.56–1.53 | 0.768 |
| O-level | 0.83 | 0.57–1.22 | 0.354 | 0.87 | 0.59–1.28 | 0.467 |
| A-level | 0.66 | 0.44–1.00 | 0.048 | 0.75 | 0.49–1.14 | 0.176 |
| degree | 0.50 | 0.31–0.82 | 0.006 | 0.63 | 0.39–1.04 | 0.071 |
| paternal education (ref.: none/CSE) | ||||||
| vocational | 0.85 | 0.54–1.34 | 0.481 | 0.83 | 0.53–1.31 | 0.431 |
| O-level | 0.88 | 0.61–1.26 | 0.478 | 0.93 | 0.64–1.34 | 0.690 |
| A-level | 0.82 | 0.58–1.16 | 0.257 | 0.90 | 0.63–1.27 | 0.535 |
| degree | 0.68 | 0.45–1.02 | 0.066 | 0.83 | 0.55–1.26 | 0.387 |
| home ownership status (ref.: rented) | ||||||
| mortgaged | 0.97 | 0.61–1.54 | 0.882 | 1.06 | 0.66–1.71 | 0.796 |
| owned | 0.82 | 0.45–1.50 | 0.522 | 0.93 | 0.51–1.72 | 0.823 |
| financial difficulties (ref.: none) | ||||||
| some | 1.05 | 0.83–1.32 | 0.704 | 1.02 | 0.80–1.29 | 0.894 |
| many | 0.90 | 0.61–1.33 | 0.609 | 0.89 | 0.60–1.31 | 0.546 |
| maternal age at menarche | 0.97 | 0.86–1.09 | 0.602 | 0.96 | 0.85–1.08 | 0.495 |
| maternal age at first pregnancy | 0.93 | 0.82–1.05 | 0.254 | 0.94 | 0.83–1.07 | 0.330 |
| mother had sex when less than 16 | 1.64 | 1.16–2.32 | 0.005 | 1.63 | 1.15–2.31 | 0.006 |
| paternal age at index pregnancy | 1.00 | 0.88–1.12 | 0.932 | 1.00 | 0.89–1.13 | 0.992 |
| maternal parenting score | 1.00 | 0.90–1.12 | 0.959 | 1.02 | 0.91–1.14 | 0.769 |
| paternal parenting score | 1.07 | 0.95–1.21 | 0.257 | 1.08 | 0.96–1.21 | 0.226 |
| father absence (ref.: present) | 1.51 | 1.08–2.12 | 0.016 | 1.46 | 1.04–2.04 | 0.029 |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 | 1.02 | 0.90–1.15 | 0.728 | 0.98 | 0.87–1.11 | 0.728 |
| GCSE results (ref.: no A or A*) | ||||||
| one | 0.68 | 0.49–0.96 | 0.027 | |||
| two | 0.49 | 0.32–0.74 | 0.001 | |||
| three | 0.56 | 0.35–0.89 | 0.016 | |||
| four, five or six | 0.44 | 0.31–0.63 | <0.001 | |||
| seven or more | 0.31 | 0.22–0.45 | <0.001 | |||
| Big Five personality dimensions | ||||||
| extraversion | 2.19 | 1.89–2.54 | <0.001 | 2.13 | 1.83–2.47 | <0.001 |
| agreeableness | 0.92 | 0.81–1.06 | 0.251 | 0.95 | 0.83–1.09 | 0.427 |
| conscientiousness | 0.78 | 0.69–0.89 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.70–0.91 | 0.001 |
| emotional stability | 0.83 | 0.73–0.94 | 0.005 | 0.84 | 0.73–0.96 | 0.01 |
| openness | 0.97 | 0.85–1.11 | 0.670 | 1.08 | 0.94–1.24 | 0.273 |
| pubertal development | 1.66 | 1.29–2.13 | <0.001 | 1.69 | 1.31–2.17 | <0.001 |
| proportion of | proportion of | |||||
| variance | 95% CI | total variance | variance | 95% CI | total variance | |
| explained variance | 1.193 | 0.209 | 1.396 | 0.236 | ||
| residual variance | 4.522 | 0.791 | 4.526 | 0.764 | ||
| school residual variance | 0.079 | −0.02–0.19 | 0.014 | 0.051 | −0.04–0.14 | 0.009 |
| neighbourhood residual variance | 0.078 | −0.08–0.24 | 0.014 | 0.075 | −0.09–0.24 | 0.013 |
| friends residual variance | 1.075 | 0.35–1.80 | 0.188 | 1.110 | 0.35–1.87 | 0.187 |
| individual residual variance | 3.290 | 0.576 | 3.290 | 0.556 | ||
| total variance | 5.715 | 1.000 | 5.922 | 1.000 | ||