Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 7.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cardiol. 2013 Nov 25;170(3):426–433. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.034

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Visualization of the blood flow in the ascending aortic using streamlines during peak systole: A: Healthy volunteer with cohesive systolic streamlines with mild helical (a) and no vortical (b) flow. B: Two exemplary cases with AVR, who exhibited helical (a) and vortical (b) flow each graded as severe. a) A mechanical prosthesis (St. Jude Medical 21); b) a stented bioprostheses (Medtronic Freestyle 25). The helical flow is shown in a transverse cut plane, whereas the vortex is shown in a sagittal cut plane.