Figure 1.

Subcellular localizations and functions of septins in interphase cells in relation with oligomer composition and binding partners. This virtual cell summarizes the main topics described in the text regarding: Septin biosynthesis, annealing, and association with the plasma membrane. Role of septin filaments in oncogene receptor signaling and dynamics, and in mitochondria fission (Yellow panel). Septin localization to the actin cytoskeleton: direct binding or involvement of SEPT9 isoforms and BORG proteins. Implication of septin filaments in actin filament bundling and organization, cell migration, cortical rigidity, and membrane curvature sensing (Magenta panel). Septin binding to microtubules and the links with tubulin post-translational modifications and MAPs in vesicular trafficking and in cell resistance to microtubule-targeting agents (Cyan panel). Septin roles in the nuclear import of signaling factors involved in cell proliferation and in apoptosis. It is not known whether SEPT9 interacts alone or as part of septin oligomers with HIF-1α, importin-α and JNK (Light gray panel). The color code of septin monomers is indicated on the top right of the figure.