A Port placement during VATS thymomectomy, filled triangle, 10-mm port for observation; filled circle, 20-mm port; filled square, 30-mm port. B Port placement during VATS lobectomy, filled triangle, 10-mm port for observation; filled circle, 30-mm port; filled square, 40-mm port. C Port placement in the abdomen, filled triangle, 5-mm port; filled circle, 10-mm port, I-port for observation.