Fig. 1. Proposed model for CD137 signaling in the development of mouse atherosclerosis and maintenance of plaque stability therein. Teff: effector T, EC: endothelial cell, VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell, TCR: T cell receptor, MHCII: major histocompatibility complex II, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, MCP-1: monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, IL: interleukin, IFN-γ: interferon gamma, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase protein.
