Fig. 2. Functional effects of CD137 signaling in immune cells and vascular cells involved in atherosclerotic plaques. Teff: effector T, Treg: regulatory T, EC: endothelial cell, VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell, DC: dentritic cell, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, MCP-1: monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, IL: interleukin, IFN-γ: interferon gamma, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase protein.
