Fig. 1.

Toxicokinetics of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) (left-hand column) and midgut epithelium height (right-hand column) in the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus fed artificial food contaminated with metals at nominal concentration of 40 mM kg⁻¹ (for actual concentrations, see Table 1). Toxicokinetics: points – body concentration of a metal; whiskers – standard error of the mean; solid line – fitted one-compartment model; broken line – polynomial showing the observed temporal fluctuations in metal concentrations. Epithelium: points – mean height of the epithelium; whiskers – standard deviation; asterisks below whiskers denote statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison to day 0; overall significance level (ANOVA) for metal effect on the epithelium height is given below the metal symbol