Table 1. Case and control group biochemical and sleep characteristics.
| Controls n = 188 |
T2DM n = 188 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 49.5±8.6 | 50.7±8.1 | 0.170 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.7±6.5 | 32.1±9.9 | 0.006 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.2±0.6 | 9.4±3.9 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.8±0.5 | 8.8±1.8 | < 0.001 |
| TCHOL, mmol/L | 5.4±0.9 | 4.9±1.0 | < 0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.2±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | 0.191 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.4±0.8 | 1.8±0.9 | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3. 5±0.9 | 3.0±0.9 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep duration and ESS | |||
| Noturnal sleep, hours | 6.4±1.3 | 6.1±1.5 | 0.033 |
| Naps, hours | 1.1±0.7 | 1.1±0.9 | 0.581 |
| ESS | 6.0±3.4 | 6.0±3.9 | 0.452 |
BMI: body mass index; TCHOL: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.