Table 4.
Distribution of oral mucosal disorders in DM patients and controls.
| Guggenheimer et al., 2000 [20] | Saini et al., 2010 [21] | Bastos et al., 2011 [22] | Mohsin et al., 2014 [23] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Subjects with one or more oral disorders | 180 (44.4) p < 0.0001 |
67 (25) | 189 (45) p < 0.05 |
161 (38.3) | 129 (88) p < 0.001 |
50 (45) | 225 (60.8) p < 0.0001 |
145 (39.2) |
| Angular cheilitis | 13 (3.2) | 3 (1.1) | 10 (2.4) p < 0.05 |
3 (0.7) | 22 (15) | 10 (9) | ||
| Aphthous stomatitis | 6 (1.5) | 8 (3.0) | 5 (1.2) | 3 (0.7) | ||||
| Atrophy of tongue papillae | 36 (8.9) p < 0.001 |
6 (2.2) | 4 (2.7) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Pseudomembranous candidiasis | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | ||||||
| Denture stomatitis | 19 (4.7) p < 0.05 |
4 (1.5) | 45 (10.7) p < 0.05 |
26 (6.2) | ||||
| Epulis fissuratum | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Fissured tongue | 22 (5.4) p < 0.0001 |
1 (0.4) | 114 (27.1) | 112 (26.7) | 26 (17,8) p < 0.001 |
4 (3.6) | 63 (15.9) p < 0.05 |
40 (9.9) |
| Fistulous tract | 4 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | ||||||
| Gingival hyperplasia | 7 (1.7) | 4 (1.15) | ||||||
| Herpes labialis | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.7) | ||||||
| Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Fibroma | 10 (2.5) p < 0.05 |
1 (0.4) | 5 (1.2) | 5 (1.2) | ||||
| Lichen planus | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 9 (6.1) p < 0.01 |
0 (0) | 7 (1.8) | 4 (1) |
| Median rhomboid glossitis | 29 (7.2) p < 0.0001 |
1 (0.4) | 4 (1) | 5 (1.2) | ||||
| Geographic tongue | 22 (5.4) | 9 (3.4) | 17 (4) p < 0.05 |
4 (1) | 8 (5,4) p < 0.01 |
1 (0,9) | 5 (1.3) | 4 (1) |
| Papilloma | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | ||||||
| Traumatic ulcer | 14 (3.5) p < 0.05 |
3 (1.1) | 8 (1.9) | 2 (0.5) | ||||
| Frictional keratosis | 10 (2.4) | 14 (3.3) | ||||||
| Coated tongue | 42 (28,7) p < 0.0001 |
9 (8.1) | 106 (26.8) p < 0.0001 |
32 (7.9) | ||||
| Varices | 30 (20,5) p < 0.001 |
6 (5.4) | ||||||
| Melanin pigmentation | 12 (8,2) p < 0.01 |
2 (1,8) | 60 (15.2) | 45 (11.1) | ||||
| Leukoedema | 8 (5.4) | 2 (1.8) | ||||||
| Actinic cheilitis | 37 (25.3) p < 0.0001 |
6 (5.4) | ||||||
| Leukoplakia | 6 (2.7) | 1 (1.8) | 14 (3.5) | 12 (3) | ||||
| Nicotinic stomatitis | 3 (2) p < 0.01 |
2 (1.8) | ||||||
| Oral submucous fibrosis | 8 (2) | 12 (3) | ||||||
| Linea alba | 31 (7.1) p < 0.05 |
12 (3) | ||||||
| Fordyce granules | 9 (2.3) | 0 (0) | ||||||