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Effects of HEAS (100 mg/mL) on TNF-α (a), IL-6 (b), IL-10 (c), and IL-4 (d) levels in colon tissue of DSS-induced colitic mice. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10). Statistical comparison was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test. ### P < 0.001 versus noncolitic group. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus control-colitic group.
