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. 2016 Nov 8;7:1672. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01672

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Copyright © 2016 Yang, Preisser, Zhang, Liu, Dai, Pan and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative gene expression of the V-ATPase in C. septempunctata under dietary RNAi treatments. The relative gene expression levels of V-ATPase were normalized to the most suited non-rRNA (A, Actin and Tubulin) and the least suited (B, NADH and ArgK) reference genes, respectively. For dietary RNAi, ladybeetle larvae were exposed to an artificial diet containing 15% sugar solution and 4.0 μg/μl dsRNAs for 2 days (see Materials and Methods for details). The transcript levels of V-ATPase in newly emerged (0 day) untreated larvae were set to 1, and the relative mRNA expression levels in dsRNA-fed larvae were determined with respect to the controls. Values are means ± SE. Different letters indicate significant differences between the treatments and controls (P < 0.05).