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. 2016 Nov 8;6:36110. doi: 10.1038/srep36110

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(A) Representative recordings of changes in arterial blood pressure, bladder pressure, oxygenation, and blood flow in response to bladder ischemia. (A-1) Statistic data of the arterial blood pressure (ABP), bladder pressure (BP), bladder oxygenation (BO) and bladder blood flow (BBF) before and after bladder ischemia by partially common iliac artery ligation (BPAO). (B) Laser speckle contrast analysis of relative bladder microcirculation in response to bladder ischemia. Normal bladder blood flow is shown in flux image (left), photo image (middle), and perfusion histogram of ROI 2 (right). The distribution of bladder blood flow was significantly altered after the induction of ischemia, with a decrease in the high-flow area (red) accompanied by an increase in the low-flow area (blue). Three ROIs were established: ROI 1 (right femoral artery), ROI 2 (bladder body), and ROI 3 (left femoral artery). (B-1) Statistic data of the ROI 2 value displayed with blood perfusion unit in red color in the three groups of rats; before BPAO, acute BPAO and 4 weeks of BPAO. *p < 0.05, compared with sham treatment (before BPAO); ^#p < 0.05, compared with acute BPAO.