Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | n = 38 |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median (range) | 54.5 (17.0–73.0) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 22 (57.9%) |
| Female | 16 (42.1%) |
| Karnofsky Performance Status, median (range) | 70 (60–100) |
| Tumors | |
| Primary brain tumors | 27 (71.1%) |
| Secondary brain tumors | 10 (26.3%) |
| Adjacent organ | 1 (2.6%) |
| Primary brain tumor | |
| Glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) | 11 |
| Anaplastic glioma (WHO grade III) | 7 |
| Glioma (WHO grade II) | 4 |
| Others | 5 |
| Origin of metastatic brain tumor | |
| Lung | 5 (50%) |
| Non-lung | 5 (50%) |
| Time from radiotherapy to diagnosis (months), median (range) | 24.1 (3.0–140.9) |
| Radiotherapy | |
| SRS | 26 |
| EBRT | 17 |
| Hypofractionated IMRT | 4 |
| Proton beam | 3 |
| BNCT | 1 |
| Chemotherapy for tumor | 30 (78.9%) |
| Temozolomide | 20 |
| Other chemotherapeutic agents | 10 |
| Treatment for BRN | |
| Corticosteroids | 38 (100.0%) |
| Vitamin E | 20 (52.6%) |
| Anticoagulants/antiplatelets | 18 (47.4%) |
| Surgical removal of necrosis | 4 (10.5%) |
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | 3 (7.9%) |
| Bevacizumab | 1 (2.6%) |
| Osmotic diuretics | 1 (2.6%) |
| Amino-acid PET | |
| 11C-methionine | 30 (78.9%) |
| 18F-boronophenylalanine | 8 (21.1%) |
| Lesion-to-normal tissue ratio, median (range) | |
| 11C-methionine | 1.5 (0.6–1.8) |
| 18F-boronophenylalanine | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) |
| Volume of BRN (mL), median (range) | |
| Perilesional edema | 134.7 (1.9–359.1) |
| Contrast-enhanced lesion | 7.4 (1.6–40.3) |
Abbreviations: BNCT, boron neutron capture therapy; BRN, brain radiation necrosis; EBRT, external beam radiotherapy; IMRT, intensity-modulated radiotherapy; LGG, low-grade glioma; SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery.