Table 1.
Setting, sample, and characteristics of the innovation being assessed
| Measure | Country | Setting | Characteristics of the innovation being assessed | Sample size | Response rate | Gender and profession of participants (Standard 1.8)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schools | ||||||
| Adopter Characteristics Scale [43] | USA | Schools in Texas (number not reported) | Adoption and use of a classroom educational programme for tobacco prevention | n = 131 | 54 % | Second grade teachers |
| Awareness and Concern Instrument [51] | USA | School districts in North Carolina with at least two junior high or middle schools (n = 21) | Awareness, concern, and interest in adopting and implementing tobacco prevention the curricula | n = 917 | Not reported | Central office administrators Principals Teachers |
| Health Teaching Self-Efficacy (HTSE) Scale [47] | USA | Schools in the Region IV district of the Texas Education Agency (number not reported) | Ability to implement health teaching in the classroom | n = 31 | Not reported | Junior high teachers Senior high teachers |
| Index of Inter-professional Team Collaboration-Expanded School Mental Health (IITC-ESMH) [50] | USA | Schools across the USA (number not reported) | Level of inter-professional collaboration occurring to implement learning support and mental health promotion strategies in schools | n = 436 | Not reported | Female = 88 % School-employed mental health workers (e.g. school counsellors) Community-based mental health workers (e.g. clinical psychologists) School nurses Educators |
| McKinney-Vento Act Implementation Scale (MVAIS) [40] | USA | Illinois Association of School Social Workers annual conference | Perceived knowledge and awareness regarding implementation of the McKinney-Vento Act | n = 201 | 40 % | Female = 92 % School social workers |
| Organisational Climate Instrument [51] | USA | School districts in North Carolina with at least two junior high or middle schools (n = 21) | Perceptions regarding the organisational climate in schools adopting tobacco prevention curricula | n = 910 | Not reported | Central office administrators Principals Teachers |
| Perceived Attributes of the Healthy Schools Approach Scale [42] | Canada | Schools in Quebec (n = 107) | Perceived attributes of a health promoting school initiative | n = 141 | 28 % | Female = 62 % Principals School health promotion delegates |
| Policy Characteristics Scale [52] | Belgium | Flemish secondary schools, including community schools, and subsidised public and private schools (n = 37) | Perceptions of a new teacher evaluation policy | n = 347 | 82 % | Female = 58 % Teachers |
| Role-Efficacy Belief Instrument (REBI) [45] | USA | Schools in a state recently mandating sexuality education (number not reported) | Role-efficacy related to the successful implementation of a mandated sexuality curriculum | n = 123 | Not reported | Female = 67 % County-level curriculum coordinators |
| Rogers’s Adoption Questionnaire [51] | USA | School districts in North Carolina with at least two junior high or middle schools (n = 21) | Perceptions regarding the characteristics of three different tobacco prevention curricula | n = 251 | Not reported | Central office administrators Teachers |
| School Wellness Policy Instrument (WPI) [48] | USA | Public elementary schools in Mississippi (n = 30) | Acceptance and implementation of nutrition competencies as part of a school wellness policy | n = 947 | 34 % | Teachers |
| School-level Environment Questionnaire—South Africa (SLEQ-SA) [38] | South Africa | Secondary schools in the Limpopo Province (n = 54) | Perceptions of the school-level environment with regard to the implementation of outcomes-based education | n = 403 | Not reported | Teachers |
| School Success Profile—Learning Organisation (SSP-LO) Measure [39] | USA | Public middle schools in North Carolina (n = 11) | Perceptions of organisational learning as part of an evaluation of the effectiveness and sustainability of the School Success Profile Intervention Package | n = 766 | 80 % | Teachers Specialists Teacher assistants Administrators Other employees (e.g. cafeteria workers) |
| School Readiness for Reforms—Leader Questionnaire (SRR-LQ) [41] | USA | Elementary, middle, and high schools in nine districts from South-west Florida (n = 169) | Perceptions regarding school readiness for the implementation of reforms including standards-based testing | n = 167 | 99 % | Leaders from elementary schools (e.g. principals, assistant principals, curriculum specialists) Leaders from high schools Leaders from middle schools |
| School-wide Universal Behaviour Sustainability Index—School Teams (SUBSIST) [46, 49] | USA | Elementary, middle, and secondary public schools in Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Oregon who were implementing school-wide positive behaviour support (n = 14) | Evaluation of school capacity to sustain school-wide positive behaviour support | n = 25 | Not reported | Internal school team leaders External district coaches |
| Teacher Receptivity Measure [44] | USA | Elementary schools in Texas (number not reported) | Views towards the implementation of the smoke-free class of 2000 teaching kit | n = 216 | 79 % | First grade teachers |
| Universities/colleges | ||||||
| Intention to Adopt Mobile Commerce Questionnaire [54, 55] | Kazakhstan | Private institutions of higher learning in Almaty and Astana (n = 3) | Intention to adopt mobile commerce | n = 345 | 51 % | Female = 50 % University students |
| Perceived Attributes of eHealth Innovations Questionnaire [53] | USA | Education providers including community colleges, state colleges and universities from across the United States (n = 12) | Perceived attributes of a technological innovation for health education | n = 193 | 84 % | Male = 53 % Sophomores Freshman Juniors Seniors |
| Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use Scale [56] | USA | Business school at Boston University | Evaluation of usefulness and ease of use of two computer programmes | n = 40 | 93 % | MBA students |
| Post-adoption Information Systems Usage Measure [59] | USA | University in the United States | Post-adoption perceptions of a self-service, web-based student information system | n = 1008 | Not reported | Females = 53 % University students |
| Social Influence on Innovation Adoption Scale [60] | Australia | University of South Australia | Attitudes towards adopting advanced features of email software | n = 275 | 15 % | Female = 64 % Academic staff Professional staff |
| Tertiary Students Readiness for Online Learning (TSROL) Scale [57, 58] | Australia | Metropolitan university in Australia | Readiness to adopt an online approach to teaching and learning | n = 254 | 52 % | Female = 65 % University students |
| Pharmacies | ||||||
| Facilitators of Practice Change Scale [63] | Australia | Australian community pharmacies (n = 735) | Facilitators of practice change with regard to the implementation of cognitive pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies | n = 1303 | Not reported | Proprietor pharmacists Employee pharmacists Pharmacy assistants (including technicians) |
| Leeds Attitude Towards Concordance (LATCon) Scale [62] | Finland | Finnish community pharmacies (number not reported) | Attitudes towards the implementation of a new counselling model based on concordance and mutual decision-making between pharmacists and patients | n = 376 | 51 % | Community pharmacists |
| Perceived Barriers to the Provision of Pharmaceutical Care Questionnaire [61] | China | Community pharmacies in Xian, China (number not reported) | Attitudes and barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care | n = 101 | 78 % | Female = 82 % Prescription checking staff Quality assurance staff Staff managers |
| Police/correctional facilities | ||||||
| Perceptions of Organisational Readiness for Change [65] | USA | Juvenile justice offices (n = 12) | Perceptions of organisational readiness to implement an innovation consisting of screening, assessment, and referral strategies | n = 231 | Not reported | Female = 58 % Case-workers Managers Front-line supervisors |
| Receptivity to Organisational Change Questionnaire [64] | USA | Districts I and II of the Hillsborough County, Florida Sheriff’s Office (n = 2) | Attitudes regarding an agency-wide shift towards community-oriented policing | n = 204 | 98 % | Patrol deputies Other sworn employees |
| Nursing homes | ||||||
| Intervention Process Measure (IPM) [67] | Denmark | Elderly care centres (n = 2) | Assessment of employee perceptions related to the implementation of self-managed teams | n = 163 | 81 % | Female = 93 % Healthcare assistants Nurses Other health educated staff Staff with no healthcare education |
| Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing (SANN) Care Scale [66] | Sweden | Residential units in a municipality of southern Sweden (n = 8) | Attitudes of nursing staff towards the implementation of nutritional nursing care | n = 176 | 95 % | Registered nurses Nurse aids |
| Whole communities/multiple settings | ||||||
| 4-E Telemeter [70, 71] | Netherlands | Education-related settings from 39 countries including elementary, secondary, university, vocational, and company training settings (number not reported) | Likelihood of using telecommunications-related technological innovations in learning-related settings | n = 550 | Not reported | Instructors Students Administrators Educational support unit members Technical support unit members Researchers |
| Attitudes Towards Asthma Care Mobile Service Adoption Scale [94] | Taiwan | General community | Attitudes and behavioura towards the adoption of a asthma care mobile service | n = 229 | 57 % | Male = 63 % |
| Intention to Adopt Multimedia Messaging Service Scale [69] | Taiwan | General community | Attitudes towards and intention to adopt multimedia messaging services | n = 112 | Not reported | Male = 55 % Students Electronics or IT sector employees Education sector employees Financial services, entertainment, media, government, health care, and law office employees |
| Systems of Care Implementation Survey (SOCIS) [68, 72] | USA | Education settings, mental health services, family assistance organisations, child welfare services, juvenile justice services and medical services from 225 counties across the USA (number not reported) | Level of implementation of factors contributing to effective children’s systems of care | n = 910 | 42 % | Female = 72 % |
| Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ) [73, 74] | USA | Elementary schools and higher education institutions in the USA (number not reported) | Concerns about innovations including team teaching in elementary schools and using instructional modules in colleges | n = 830 | Not reported | Public school teachers College professors Specialists Teacher assistants Administrators Other employees (e.g. cafeteria workers) |
| Telepsychotherapy Acceptance Questionnaire [75] | Canada | First nations communities in Quebec (n = 32) | Attitudes and perceptions of adoption and referral to telepsychotherapy delivered via videoconference | n = 205 | 77 % | Female = 70 % Community elders/natural helpers Social assistants/social workers Nurses/school nurses Psychoeducators Educators/teachers Psychologists Social interveners Community health representatives Non-professionals |
| Other workplaces/organisations | ||||||
| Adoption of Customer Relationship Management Technology Scale [88] | USA | A national buying cooperative for hardware and variety businesses in the USA | Facilitators to adopting customer relationship management technology | n = 386 | 48 % | Owner-operators of hardware and variety businesses |
| Coping with Organisational Change Scale [83] | USA | International organisations including Australian banks, a Scandinavian shipping company, a United Kingdom oil company, a US university and a Korean manufacturing company (n = 6) | Ability to cope with organisational change including reorganisation and downsizing, managerial changes, mergers and acquisitions, and business divestments | n = 514 | 71 % | Male = 91 % Middle and upper-level managers |
| Data Mining Readiness Index (DMRI) [80] | Malaysia | Telecommunication organisations (number not reported) | Readiness to adopt data mining technologies | n = 106 | 43 % | Telecommunications employees |
| Group Innovation Inventory (GII) [78, 91] | USA | High-technology companies, primarily in the aerospace and electronics industries (number not reported) | Attitudes towards innovation within groups developing new component-testing programmes, systems-level integration projects, engineering audit procedures, and failure analyses | n = 244 | Not reported | Managers/supervisors Engineers/scientists |
| Intention to Adopt Electronic Data Interchange Questionnaire [79] | Canada | Purchasing Managers’ Association of Canada (PMAC) | Intention to adopt electronic data interchange | n = 337 | 58 % | Senior purchasing managers |
| Organisational Change Questionnaire-Climate of Change, Processes, and Readiness (OCQ-C, P, R) [77] | Belgium | Belgian organisations from sectors including information technology, petrochemicals, telecommunications, consumer products, finance, insurance, consultancy, healthcare, and government services (n = 42) | Attitudes towards recently announced, large-scale change including downsizing, reengineering, total quality management, culture change, and technological innovation | n = 1358 | Not reported | Male = 64 % |
| Organisational Learning Capacity Scale (OLCS) [76] | USA | Human service organisations from a Southern United States city (n = 5) | Organisational readiness for change towards primary prevention, strength-based approach, empowerment, and changing community conditions | n = 125 | 50 % | Female = 79 % |
| Organisational Capacity Measure-Chronic Disease Prevention and Healthy Lifestyle Promotion [81] | Canada | Public health organisations in Canada including government departments, regional health authorities, public health units, and other professional and non-government organisations (n = 216) | Organisational capacity in public health systems to develop, adopt, or implement chronic disease prevention and healthy lifestyle programmes | n = 216 | Not reported | Senior/middle managers Service providers Professional staff |
| Organisational Environment and Processes Scale [89] | USA | Fortune 1000 companies (manufacturing firms, service organisations) and large government agencies (n = 710) | Perceptions of structures and processes related to the adoption of an administrative innovation (Total Quality Management) by Information Systems departments in organisations | n = 123 | 17 % | Senior Information Systems Executives |
| Perceived Characteristics of Innovating (PCI) Scale [87] | Canada | Utility companies, resource-based companies, government departments and a natural grains pool (n = 7) | Perceptions regarding the adoption of personal work stations | n = 540 | 68 % | Executive and middle management First-line supervisors Non-management professionals Technical and clerical staff |
| Perceived Strategic Value and Adoption of eCommerce Scale [90] | Ghana | Small and medium-sized enterprises (200 employees or less) (n = 107) | Perceived strategic value of adopting eCommerce | n = 107 | 54 % | Owners/managers |
| Perceived eReadiness Model (PERM) Questionnaire [85, 86] | South Africa | Business organisations in South Africa (n = 875) | Readiness to adopt eCommerce | n = 150 | 19 % | Chief Executive Officers Managing directors General managers Directors of finance, IT, eCommerce and marketing |
| Readiness for Organisational Change Measure [82] | USA | Government organisation responsible for developing fielding information systems for the Department of Defence | Readiness for a new organisation structure that clarified lines of authority and eliminated duplicate functions | n = 264 | 53 % | Male = 59 % Computer analysts and programmers |
| Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2) Scale [96] | United States | Manufacturing firm, financial services firm, accounting services firm, international investment banking firm (n = 4) | Perceived usefulness and ease of use of a new software system | n = 156 | 78 % | Manufacturing floor supervisors Financial services workers Accounting services workers Investment banking workers |
| Total Quality Management (TQM) and Culture Survey [92] | USA | Manufacturing firm, non-profit service agency, university (n = 3) | Perceived organisational culture and implementation of total quality management practices | n = 886 | 95 % | Manufacturing firm employees Non-profit service agency employees Government employees Service agency employees Educational institute employees |
| Worksite Health Promotion Capacity Instrument (WHPCI) [84] | Germany | Information and communication technology companies in Germany (n = 522) | Willingness and capacity to implement worksite health promotion activities | n = 522 | 21 % | Managing director/board of directors Division head/senior department head Department head Human resources manager/director Owner/proprietor Assistant to executive management |
a Standard 1.8—Describe the composition of the sample from which validity evidence is obtained, including relevant sociodemographic characteristics [25]