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. 2016 Nov 8;16:238. doi: 10.1186/s12862-016-0812-z

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Capsular fruit forms with diagrammatic representations of seed wing shape, position and orientation within each capsule lobes in the Africa clade of Dioscorea. a Apical view of dehisced, empty capsule with rounded lobes (A1), diagrammatic cross-section of capsule through seeds and wings (A2) and diagrammatic side view of two opened lobes containing seeds winged all around the margin (A3): D. buchananii subclade. b Same views of similar capsule (B1) containing wingless, arillate seeds (B2, B3): East Africa subclade; c Side view of two opened oblong capsular lobes without seeds (C1) and diagrammatic side view of basally winged seeds (C2) associated with this capsule lobe shape: Cape subclade; d Same views of similar capsule lobes containing apically winged seeds (D1, D2); Pachycaul subclade