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. 2016 Nov 8;9:117. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00117

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Copyright © 2016 Song, Sun, Liu, Chen, Zhang, Wang, Mo, Che, Ouyang, Yuan and Fan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells 24 h after ES. (A) ELISA measurement. (B) Protein levels by Western blot assay. (C) Relative mRNA expression by RT-PCR (n = 6, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 the PPY/PLCL + ES group vs. TCP control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 the PPY/PLCL + ES group vs. PPY/PLCL group; ^δp < 0.05, the PPY/PLCL group vs. TCP control group).