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. 2016 Aug 18;45(5):1445–1457. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw147

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Cross-sectional associations of the use of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) and progestin-only contraceptives (POCs) with 75 molecular measures. Non-users of any hormonal contraception were used as the reference group, so the association magnitudes denote the difference in each measure between hormonal contraceptive users and non-users. Association magnitudes are reported in standard deviation-units to ease the comparison across multiple measures. Associations were adjusted for age and meta-analysed for three independent population-based cohorts. In total, 1157 women using COCPs and 535 using POCs were compared with 4149 non-users of hormonal contraception. VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; C, cholesterol; FA, fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin. Open and closed symbols indicate P ≥ 0.0004 and P < 0.0004, respectively.