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. 2016 Aug 18;45(5):1445–1457. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw147

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Correlation between cross-sectional and longitudinal metabolic associations with the use of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs). The correspondence of cross-sectional associations with starting and stopping the use of COCPs is shown on the left and right panels, respectively. Each point represents a single metabolic measure. Horizontal and vertical grey lines denote 95% confidence intervals for the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, respectively. The grey shaded areas serve to guide the eye for the slope. A linear fit of the overall correspondence summarize the match between cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, with R² denoting the goodness of fit. A slope of ±1 and R²= 1 would strongly support the causal effects of COCP use on the metabolic measures. Abbreviations are as for Figure 1.