Figure 2. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores at study time points in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) group and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III scores at study time points in M1 rTMS group compared to double-sham group.

(A and B) Improvement in motor symptoms after rTMS to primary motor cortex vs sham. Consistent with prior studies, there was a significant improvement in motor scores after M1 rTMS compared to double sham at the primary endpoint (A) that returned to baseline by 3 months (B). (C and D) Lack of improvement in mood symptoms after rTMS to DLPFC vs sham. In contrast to prior reports, rTMS to left DLPFC resulted in less antidepressant response at the primary 1-month endpoint than double sham (C). This difference was specific to this single time point (D) and driven in part by a single outlier (see text). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.