Fig. 5.

Segments of Neandertal ancestry in the human reference genome. We examined 2825 segments in the human reference genome that are of African ancestry and 2797 that are of European ancestry. (A) European segments, with few differences from the Neandertals, tend to have many differences from other present-day humans, whereas African segments do not, as expected if the former are derived from Neandertals. (B) Scatter plot of the segments in (A) with respect to their divergence to the Neandertals and to Venter. In the top left quandrant, 94% of segments are of European ancestry, suggesting that many of them are due to gene flow from Neandertals.