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Cortical lacunae formation over time induced by using sucrose solutions with Ψπ of 0, −0.5, −1.0, and −1.5 MPa. A, Roots subjected to diH20 (control) showed no cortical lacunae formation after 3 h. B and C, Roots subjected to solutions with osmotic potentials of −0.5 and −1.0 MPa showed initiation of cortical lacunae after 3 h. D, Roots immersed in −1.5 MPa osmotic potential solutions showed the highest cortical lacunae formation after 3 h.
