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The possible dual impacts of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences on protein synthesis. (A) SD sequences in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA (messenger RNA) are known to facilitate translation initiation in bacteria via binding to the anti-SD sequence on the 3′ tail of the 16S ribosomal RNA. (B) Recent research suggests that SD sequences within coding sequences may regulate the rate of translation elongation.
