Table 2.

Mathematical relationships of elastic modulus trabecular bone (density in g/cm³ and R ² is the determination coefficient)

Reference	Bone type	Range	Elastic modulus (Gpa)	R 2
[176]	Human vertebra	ρ app: 0.11–0.27	E = 2.1 ρapp − 0.08	0.61
[128]	Human proximal femur	BV/TV: 0.15–0.40	E = 7.541(BV/TV) − 0.637	0.88
[126]	Human	α a : 0.174–0.662 BV/TV b : 0.022–0.843	E = 84.37 (BV/TV)2.58 α 2.74	0.97
[115]	Human vertebrae	ρ app: 0.11–0.35	E = 4.730 (ρ app)1.56	0.73
	Human proximal tibia	ρ app: 0.09–0.41	E = 15.520 (ρ app)1.93	0.84
	Greater trochanter	ρ app: 0.14–0.28	E = 15.010 (ρ app)2.18	0.82
	Human femoral neck	ρ app: 0.26–0.75	E = 6.850 (ρ app)1.49	0.85
Pooled	ρ app: 0.09–0.75	E = 8.920 (ρ app)1.83	0.88
[197]	Human distal femur	ρ ash: 0.102–0.331	E = 10.88 (ρ app)1.61	0.78
[195]	Human Femur	BV/TV: 0.06–0.33	E = 10.89 (BV/TV)2.84	0.95
[105]	Human mandibular condyle	BV/TV: 0.09–0.28	E 1 = 0.02054 × 100.1063 ( B V/TV)	0.69
			E 2 = 0.006001 × 100.1499 ( B V/TV)	0.80
			E 3 = 0.001037 × 100.1753 ( B V/TV)	0.76
			G 12 = 0.004812 × 100.1332 ( B V/TV)	0.81
			G 13 = 0.03215 × 100.1218 ( B V/TV)	0.82
			G 23 = 0.001458 × 100.1486 ( B V/TV)	0.73
[129]	Rat femur	ρ app b : 0.301–1.553	E = 3.711 (ρapp)1.87	0.74

^aAsh fraction.

^bTrabecular and cortical bone.