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. 2014 Feb 13;136(3):0310031–0310038. doi: 10.1115/1.4026105

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Schematic of a triangular element deformed from un-deformed configuration Ω0 to deformed configuration Ω1 via deformation tensor 01F. The covariant surface base vectors G1 and G2 as well as g1 and g2 are not necessarily orthogonal but they are expressed in terms of their components in an orthogonal coordinate system (i.e., (e1,e2,e3)) to take advantage of 3×3 matrix algebra.