Table 2.
Demographic and disease manifestations among 80 confirmed cases of ankylosing spondylitis from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1996 to 2009
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Sex, male | 66 (83) |
| Age, years | |
| 18–29 | 9 (11) |
| 30–39 | 18 (23) |
| 40–49 | 22 (27) |
| 50–59 | 15 (19) |
| 60–69 | 11 (14) |
| 70–89 | 5 (6) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | 36 (45) |
| Hispanic | 11 (14) |
| Asian | 11 (14) |
| African American | 2 (2) |
| Other/multiracial/unknown | 20 (25) |
| Disease duration, years | |
| 0–4 | 12 (15) |
| 5–9 | 13 (16) |
| 10–19 | 14 (18) |
| ≥ 20 | 34 (42) |
| Not recorded | 7(9) |
| Laboratory and imaging tests | |
| HLA-B27 test performed | 35 (44) |
| HLA-B27 positive (% of those tested) | 12 (34) |
| X-rays of SI joints and/or spine | 61 (76) |
| CT of SI joints and/or spine | 6 (8) |
| MRI of SI joints and/or spine | 16 (20) |
| Associated immune-mediated disease diagnoses (present at any time) | |
| None or unmentioned | 60 (75) |
| Psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis | 2 (2) |
| JIA/JRA | 1 (1) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 2 (2) |
| Reactive arthritis | 4 (5) |
| Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy | 2 (2) |
| Other | 7 (9) |
| Joint involvement by signs/symptoms | |
| Lumbar spine | 44 (55) |
| SI joint/hip | 21 (26) |
| Cervical spine/neck | 10 (13) |
| Shoulder | 2 (3) |
| Thoracic spine | 4 (5) |
| Knee | 3 (4) |
| Ankle | 3 (4) |
| Not recorded | 24 (30) |
| Complications | |
| Uveitis or iritis | 19 (24) |
| Kyphosis | 4 (5) |
| Achilles tendinitis | 2 (3) |
| Enthesitis | 1 (1) |
| None | 55 (69) |
| Positive Schober test | 31 (39) |
| Family history of autoimmune disease a | |
| Mother/father/sibling | 19 (24) |
| Grandparent/distant relative | 8 (10) |
| Medication use b | |
| Oral glucocorticoids | 27 (34) |
| Etanercept | 14 (18) |
| Adalimumab | 5 (6) |
| Infliximab | 4 (5) |
Family history of any of the following diseases: Addison disease, adult Still disease, alopecia areata, ankylosing spondylitis or axial spondyloarthritis, asthma, autoimmune hepatitis, Behçet syndrome, CREST syndrome, Crohn disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, diabetes (type 1), Graves disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, inflammatory bowel disease, JIA/JRA, Meniere disease, mixed connective tissue disease, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, pernicious anemia, primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjögren syndrome, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Raynaud disease, Reiter syndrome (reactive arthritis), rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, spondyloarthropathy excluding ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), Hashimoto thyroiditis, ulcerative colitis, uveitis/iritis, and vasculitis.
Used anytime between 1996 and 2009.
CT = computed tomography scan; HLA = human leukocyte antigen; JIA/JRA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; SI = sacroiliac.