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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2016 Sep 7;197(8):3120–3129. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600690

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Knockdown of RIPK1 causes massive hepatic apoptosis in response to αGalCer. Animals were pretreated with Cont ASO or RIPK1 ASO to silence RIPK1 prior to αGalCer (4μg/mouse i.p.). (A) TUNEL staining of liver sections at 6hr after αGalCer. DAPI was used for nucleus staining, representative of images with similar results. (B) Western blotting for hepatic caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in whole liver lysates at 6hr after αGalCer. Representative of three separate experiments.

(C–E) Pre-treatment by pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD almost completely protects against the exacerbated liver injury and lethality in RIPK1 ASO+αGalCer-treated mice. RIPK1 ASO were either pre-treated with vehicle or zVAD (10mg/kg i.p.) 15min prior to αGalCer treatment (4μg/mouse i.p.). (C) Serum ALT measured at 6hr after αGalCer (n=5 per group, p<0.05). (D) Representative images of H&E staining of liver sections at 6hr after αGalCer. (E) Mouse survival by 8 hr after αGalCer (n=6).