Table 2.
Newborn characteristics and cord blood adipokines according to maternal weight category
| Newborn Data | BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 39.1 ± 1.3 (13) | 39.1 ± 1.3 (24) | 0.85 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3280 ± 662 (13) | 3229 ± 508 (24) | 0.81 |
| Infant sex (M/F) | 10M/3F | 13M/11F | 0.28 |
| Weight for gestational age and sex (percentile) |
41.5 ± 27.1 (13) | 45.2± 26.5 (24) | 0.69 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 33.9 ± 1.3 (13) | 34.3 ± 2.1 (24) | 0.56 |
| Abdominal girth (cm) | 31.6 ± 3.0 (13) | 31.6 ± 2.0 (24) | 0.96 |
| Length (cm) | 48.9 ± 2.8 (13) | 48.8 ± 2.7 (24) | 0.93 |
| Ponderal Index (kg/m3) | 27.7 ± 2.4 (13) | 27.6 ± 2.6 (24) | 0.88 |
| Cord blood hormones and adipokines |
|||
| Insulin (µU/ml) | 4.6 ± 3.9 (12) | 9.0 ± 9.1 (24) | 0.048 |
| HGF (ng/ml) | 2.5 ± 1.0 (12) | 3.1 ± 1.0 (24) | 0.08 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 23.9 ± 19.4 (13) | 49.0 ± 43.6 (24) | 0.02 |
| Adiponectin (ug/ml) | 407 ± 377 (13) | 337 ± 296 (24) | 0.57 |
| Resistin (pg/ml) | 174 ± 97 (12) | 196 ± 110 (24) | 0.55 |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.12 ± 0.06 (12) | 0.17 ± 0.29 (23) | 0.50 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 11 ± 10 (12) | 41.9 ± 77.7 (23) | 0.07 |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 61 ± 137 (12) | 85 ± 210 (24) | 0.68 |
| MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 386 ± 245 (13) | 314 ± 205 (23) | 0.38 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 9.1 ± 2.5 (12) | 10.8 ± 3.7 (24) | 0.11 |
| Total PAI-1 (pg/ml) | 186 ± 62 (13) | 152 ± 32 (23) | 0.08 |
Mean ± SD; sample size is indicated in parentheses.
P-value refers to Student’s T-test, except for Infant sex, which was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test.