Table 1. Baseline pre-ART characteristics of infants and older children included in the analysis.
Data are presented with two significant digits. Unless otherwise specified, missing data were <5% per cohort and n (%) refers to number and proportion per category among those with non-missing data. P-values are from Mann-Whitney U-tests for continuous variables and Chi square tests for categorical variables.
| Infant cohort N=121 n (%) or median (IQR) |
Child cohort N=124 n (%) or median (IQR) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Child characteristics | |||
| Age at enrollment (months) | 3.9 (3.3, 5.0) | 59 (32, 78) | — |
| First line treatment | |||
| NRTI/NNRTI | 75 (62) | 124 (100) | — |
| NRTI/PI | 46 (38) | 0 (0) | |
| Female | 61 (50) | 64 (52) | 0.49 |
| WHO disease stage | <0.0001 | ||
| I/II | 65 (54) | 12 (9.7) | |
| III | 37 (31) | 94 (76) | |
| IV | 7 (5.8) | 16 (13) | |
| Unknown | 12 (9.9) | 2 (1.6) | |
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | 1400 (800, 2100) | 280 (96, 550) | <0.0001 |
| CD4% | 21 (16, 29) | 6.3 (3.2,11) | <0.0001 |
| Log10 HIV viral load | 6.6 (6.1, 7.0) | 6.0 (5.4, 6.5) | <0.0001 |
| Height-for-age / length-for-age Z-score | −2.1 (−3.2, −0.97) | −2.4 (−3.4, −1.3) | 0.32 |
| Weight-for-age Z-score | −2.4 (−3.8, −1.0) | −2.3 (−3.1, −1.4) | 0.31 |
| Weight-for-length Z-score | −1.0 (−2.4, −0.06) | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.16) | 0.64 |
| Caregiver characteristics | |||
| Biological mother deceased | 3 (2.5) | 32 (26) | <0.0001 |
| Mother received ART for PMTCT1 | 50 (45) | N/A | — |
| Parental history of ART for own health2 | 20 (17) | 12 (12)3 | — |
| Caregiver’s home has one room | 86 (71) | 70 (56) | 0.002 |
| Two or more rooms | 27 (22) | 52 (42) | |
| Missing | 8 (6.6) | 2 (1.6) | |
1
Information on PMTCT was not available in the child cohort.
2
In the infant cohort, maternal history of ART was collected; in the child cohort, the question referred to either parent. Due to this difference, significance testing was not conducted.
3
Data were missing for 24 children (19%).