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. 2016 Nov 9;10:563. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00563

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Copyright © 2016 Ray, Di and Biswal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Group differences in effective connectivity parameters between the cocaine and control groups. Red indicates a greater effective connectivity in the cocaine group compared to the control group, and blue indicates a reduced effective connectivity in the cocaine group compared to the control group. Significant group differences were identified after false discovery rate (FDR) correction at p < 0.05. Hipp, hippocampus; MFC, medial frontal cortex; VTA, ventral tegmental area; NAc, nucleus accumbens.