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. 2016 Nov 9;6:236. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00236

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Loss of epidermal AMBRA1 identifies a high-risk AJCC stage I melanoma subgroup. (A) Schematic representation of the autophagy pathway highlighting the role of AMBRA1 in the nucleation phase of autophagy and indicating interplay of p62. (B) Representative immunohistochemistry images of epidermal AMBRA1 expression depicting maintained (top image) or loss of AMBRA1 expression (bottom image) in the epidermis overlying AJCC stage I melanomas. Loss of epidermal AMBRA1 expression overlying the tumor tissue creates a “watershed” area, where the epidermis distant to the tumor reveals a normal pattern of AMBRA1 expression. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) Kaplan–Meier curve showing decreased 7-year disease-free survival in 51 AJCC stage I tumors where epidermal AMBRA1 was decreased or lost as compared with 22 tumors where AMBRA1 expression was maintained [Log-Rank (Mantel–Cox) test P < 0.03, HR 4.3 (95% CI 1.14–16.51)]. Epidermal AMBRA1 expression of each tumor was recorded as being either maintained, decreased, or lost based on the perceived degree of loss of epidermal AMBRA 1 expression overlying the tumor bulk compared to normal epidermis within the same section.