Table 2.

Annualized population level estimates of productivity costs of depression associated with absenteeism by country, measured in USD

	Brazil	Canada	Chinaa	Japan	Korea	Mexico	South Africa	USA
Mean cost/person	1,361	1,567	136	2,674	181	928	894	390
Median cost/person	0	0	70	1769	0	0	0	0
IQR/person	0, 1,176	0, 1,742	0, 254	0, 4954	0, 15	0, 561	0, 318	0, 307
Size of labor forceb	104,745,358	19,271,114	787,632,272	65,281,090	25,765,461	52,847,521	19,083,339	158,666,072
Estimated annual prevalence employees with diagnosis of depressionc	10.44	8.28	3.76	3.33	2.96	7.30	12.80	9.66
Aggregate cost (total labor force)	14,889,436,256	2,500,380,791	4,032,677,233	5,818,721,155	138,041,034	3,580,102,463	2,183,744,648	5,977,322,278
% GDP	0.66	0.14	0.04	0.12	0.01	0.28	0.62	0.04

Bold indicates p < 0.05

^aEstimate based on individual rather than household income for China only

^bSize of the labor force was taken from the International Labor Organization, Key Indicators of the Labor Market Database (2009–2013)

^cAs only lifetime diagnosis of depression was collected, we divided the prevalence estimates collected in this study (as shown in Table 1) by the ratio of lifetime to annual prevalence rates identified for each country as identified by nationally representative estimates from the World Mental Health Survey [46] or national epidemiological surveys [47, 48]