Table 7.

Annualized population level estimates of productivity costs of depression associated with presenteeism by country, measured in USD (applying upper end estimates of the ratio between lifetime prevalence and annual prevalence to be 3.0)

	Brazil	Canada	Chinaa	Japan	Korea	Mexico	South Africa	USA
Mean cost/person	5,788	4,270	547	3,801	2,114	2,918	6,066	5,524
Median cost/person	4,923	3,011	525	3,639	1,715	2,488	1,300	4,044
IQR	2,532, 7,877	1,994, 5,865	326, 735	1,213, 5,822	821, 2,716	2,466, 3,371	516, 10,187	2,316, 7,414
Size of labor force2	104,745,358	19,271,114	787,632,272	65,281,090	25,765,461	52,847,521	19,083,339	158,666,072
Estimated annual prevalence employees with diagnosis of depression3	6.27	6.90	2.13	3.33	2.47	4.87	8.53	7.57
Aggregate cost (total labor force)	45,591,213,134	6,813,417,981	11,029,372,231	9,925,336,924	1,612,258,263	9,005,809,470	11,853,776,320	79,583,601,461
% GDP	2.00	0.40	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.70	3.50	0.50

As only lifetime diagnosis of depression was collected, we divided the prevalence estimates collected in this study (as shown in Table 1) by the upper (2.5) and lower (1.7) estimates for the ratio between lifetime prevalence and annual prevalence for countries participating in this study based on estimates from the World Mental Health Survey [47] and national epidemiological surveys [49, 50]

^aEstimate based on individual rather than household income for China only

^bSize of the labor force was taken from the International Labor Organization, Key Indicators of the Labor Market Database (2009–2013)