IRF8 is induced in Treg upon Th1 immune response. (a) Anti-CD40 antibody was injected into C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally on days 0, 2, and 4. On day 6, splenic cells were stained with anti-CD4, anti-Foxp3, and anti-CXCR3 antibodies, and analyzed by FACS. Cells were gated on CD4. Data are representative of six independent experiments with similar results. (b) Anti-CD40 antibody was injected as described in (a). On day 6, splenic CD4+CD25+ or CD4+CD25− cells were isolated by FACS. RNA was isolated from the cells and the expression of genes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The y-axis shows the relative expression amount of each gene to the internal control Hprt (encoding HPRT). The error bar shows standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical difference was analyzed by Student's t-test. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.