Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted incidence rate ratios for delivery services at health sub-centers in India, 2007–2008. (n = 16, 030).
| Outcome: number of deliveries conducted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| IRR | P-value | 95% CI | IRR | P-value | 95% CI | |
| Health personnel | ||||||
| Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) | ||||||
| None | 0.496 | 0.000 | 0.376, 0.654 | 0.579 | 0.000 | 0.441, 0.760 |
| Only Contractual ANM | 0.640 | 0.002 | 0.484, 0.846 | 0.709 | 0.017 | 0.534, 0.940 |
| Both | 0.874 | 0.087 | 0.749, 1.020 | 0.863 | 0.053 | 0.743, 1.002 |
| Drug availability | ||||||
| Essential obstetric drugs | 1.103 | 0.000 | 1.067, 1.141 | 1.060 | 0.000 | 1.026, 1.096 |
| Equipment | ||||||
| Sims speculum | ||||||
| No | 0.685 | 0.000 | 0.616, 0.762 | 0.901 | 0.053 | 0.811, 1.002 |
| Labor table | ||||||
| Available but unusable | 0.569 | 0.000 | 0.475, 0.682 | 0.652 | 0.000 | 0.545, 0.780 |
| Not available | 0.314 | 0.000 | 0.284, 0.348 | 0.438 | 0.000 | 0.394, 0.487 |
| Bed Screen | ||||||
| Available but unusable | 0.805 | 0.072 | 0.636, 1.019 | 0.970 | 0.793 | 0.771, 1.220 |
| Not available | 0.474 | 0.000 | 0.425, 0.528 | 0.694 | 0.000 | 0.623, 0.774 |
| Infrastructure | ||||||
| Electricity | ||||||
| Irregular supply | 0.879 | 0.077 | 0.761, 1.014 | 0.934 | 0.342 | 0.813, 1.075 |
| No connection | 0.470 | 0.000 | 0.410, 0.539 | 0.678 | 0.000 | 0.590, 0.779 |
| Water supply | ||||||
| Yes | 1.726 | 0.000 | 1.546, 1.928 | 1.200 | 0.001 | 1.073, 1.342 |
| Toilet | ||||||
| Yes | 2.100 | 0.000 | 1.912, 2.306 | 1.440 | 0.000 | 1.306, 1.588 |
| Telephone | ||||||
| Yes | 1.695 | 0.000 | 1.354, 2.122 | 1.307 | 0.015 | 1.054, 1.621 |
| Quality variables | ||||||
| SBA training in last five years | ||||||
| Yes | 1.486 | 0.000 | 1.350, 1.637 | 1.285 | 0.000 | 1.168, 1.413 |
| VHSC monitoring work | ||||||
| Yes | 1.086 | 0.121 | 0.978, 1.206 | 0.942 | 0.250 | 0.851, 1.043 |
| Other variables | ||||||
| Region | ||||||
| Central | 2.517 | 0.000 | 1.692, 3.744 | 0.914 | 0.695 | 0.581, 1.435 |
| Northeast | 0.685 | 0.146 | 0.411, 1.141 | 0.599 | 0.032 | 0.375, 0.956 |
| East | 0.338 | 0.000 | 0.196, 0.583 | 0.310 | 0.000 | 0.177, 0.541 |
| West | 2.680 | 0.000 | 1.631, 4.402 | 1.374 | 0.188 | 0.856, 2.206 |
| South | 0.828 | 0.421 | 0.522, 1.312 | 0.578 | 0.018 | 0.367, 0.910 |
| ANM’s residence from SC (in km) | ||||||
| 5–20 | 0.480 | 0.000 | 0.432, 0.533 | 0.643 | 0.000 | 0.580, 0.713 |
| 21–40 | 0.473 | 0.000 | 0.388, 0.577 | 0.637 | 0.000 | 0.525, 0.773 |
| >40 | 0.482 | 0.000 | 0.327, 0.709 | 0.707 | 0.067 | 0.488, 1.025 |
| Log of catchment population | 1.198 | 0.000 | 1.097, 1.307 | 1.111 | 0.016 | 1.020, 1.210 |
| Socioeconomic variables | ||||||
| % population in lowest wealth quintile | 0.995 | 0.677 | 0.974, 1.017 | 1.011 | 0.265 | 0.992, 1.030 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.292 | 0.000 | 1.133, 1.473 | 1.144 | 0.095 | 0.977, 1.339 |
| % Hindu population | 1.017 | 0.000 | 1.012, 1.022 | 1.013 | 0.000 | 1.007, 1.018 |
| Maternal education (in years) | 0.861 | 0.000 | 0.813, 0.911 | 0.846 | 0.000 | 0.788, 0.908 |
| Dispersion parameter (alpha) | 3.959 | 0.000 | 3.765, 4.162 | |||
| Likelihood-ratio test of alpha=0: Chi2Statistic=990.07 (p=0.000) | ||||||
Notes.
- IRR
- Incidence Rate Ratio
- CI
- Confidence Interval
- ANM
- Auxiliary Nurse Midwife
- VHSC
- Village Health and Sanitation Committee
- SC
- Sub-Centre/Health Sub-Centre
- SBA
- Skilled Birth Attendance
Variance Inflation Factor –1.63 (for detailed VIF, see Table S2).