Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with or without Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Figures are expressed as number of cases (%) unless otherwise stated. SD = standard deviation. Bed resting = at least 30 days of bed rest within 3 months prior to hospitalization. Immunodepression = systemic corticosteroids/immunosuppressive therapy/HIV infection/active cancer-chemotherapy
| Variable | CD infection (N = 103) |
No-CD group (N = 10,677) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 80.5 ± 11.0 | 74.7 ± 14.8 | <0.0001 |
| Gender (female) | 69 (67.0) | 5349 (50.1) | 0.0006 |
| Coming from | <0.0001 | ||
| Home | 65 (63.1) | 8926 (83.6) | |
| Nursing-home | 20 (19.4) | 598 (5.6) | |
| Another hospital unit | 18 (17.5) | 1110 (10.4) | |
| Not assessed | 0 | 43 (0.4) | |
| Previous hospitalization | 60 (58.3) | 2477 (23.2) | <0.0001 |
| Bed resting | 42 (40.8) | 1474 (13.8) | <0.0001 |
| Previous CDI | 13 (12.6) | 64 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Antibiotics treatment (within 4 weeks before) | 73 (70.6) | 2840 (26.6) | <0.0001 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 75 (72.8) | 6193 (58.0) | 0.0024 |
| H2-receptor antagonists | 1 (1.0) | 278 (2.6) | 0.3009 |
| Other antacids | 4 (3.9) | 171 (1.6) | 0.0626 |
| Prolonged use of laxatives | 9 (8.7) | 1014 (9.5) | 0.7912 |
| Statins treatment | 19 (18.4) | 1804 (16.9) | 0.6841 |
| Comorbidity – at least 5 | 37 (35.6) | 3459 (32.4) | 0.6582 |
| Immunodepression | 43 (41.7) | 3801 (35.6) | 0.1984 |
| Renal failure | 0.0055 | ||
| Mild | 30 (29.1) | 2530 (23.7) | |
| Severe | 15 (14.6) | 801 (7.5) | |
| No | 58 (56.3) | 7346 (68.8) | |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 2 (1.9) | 107 (1.0) | 0.3232 |
| Parenteral nutrition | 5 (4.9) | 214 (2.0) | 0.0413 |