Table 2.
Epigenetic Gene Groups Categorized According to Mode of Action
|
Target |
DNA |
Histones |
|||||
| Modification |
Methylation |
Acetylation |
Deacetylation |
Methylation |
Demethylation |
Methylation |
|
| Function |
Writer |
Writer |
Eraser |
Writer |
Eraser |
Writer | Reader |
| (PRC2) |
(PRC1) |
||||||
| Enzymes | DNMT1 | KAT2A | Class I | KMT1A | KDM1 | EED | PHC1 |
| DNMT3a | KAT2B | HDAC1 | KMT1B | KDM2A | SUZ12 | RING1 | |
| DNMT3b | KAT3A | HDAC2 | KMT1C | KDM3A | JARID2 | BMI-1 | |
| KAT3B | HDAC3 | KMT1D | KDM3B | KMT6 | |||
| HDAC8 | KMT2A | KDM4A | |||||
| Class II A | KMT2B | KDM4B | |||||
| HDAC4 | KMT2C | KDM4C | |||||
| HDAC5 | KMT2D | KDM5A | |||||
| HDAC7 | KMT2E | KDM5B | |||||
| HDAC9 | KMT2F | KDM5C | |||||
| Class II B | KMT2G | KDM6A | |||||
| HDAC6 | KMT5A | KDM6B | |||||
| HDAC10 | KMT5B | ||||||
| Class III | KMT5C | ||||||
| SIRT1 | KMT7 | ||||||
| SIRT2 | |||||||
| SIRT3 | |||||||
| SIRT4 | |||||||
| SIRT5 | |||||||
| SIRT6 | |||||||
| SIRT7 | |||||||
| Class IV | |||||||
| HDAC11 | |||||||
DNA methyltransferases are responsible for DNA methylation. Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 are responsible for initiation and maintenance of gene repression, respectively. The modifiers can also be classified according to function: acetyltransferases, methyltransferases, and PRC2 complex “write” the histone code, while deacetylases and demethylases “erase” it. An additional functional category of epigenetic modifiers comprises “readers” of the histone code, such as PRC1.