Table 3.
Univariable associations of characteristics with transfer to external facility for adult and pediatric patients.
| Adult patients (n=1,204) | Pediatric patients (n=298) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Characteristica | No transfer (n=1,081) | Transfer (n=123) | OR (95% CI) | P value | No transfer (n=244) | Transfer (n=54) | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Age, y | NA | NA | NA | |||||
| 18–65 | 1,022 (95) | 103 (84) | 1.0 (reference) | |||||
| >65 | 59 (5) | 20 (16) | 3.36 (1.95–5.81) | <0.001 | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 564 (52) | 67 (54) | 1.0 (reference) | 145 (59) | 31 (57) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Male | 517 (48) | 56 (46) | 0.91 (0.63–1.33) | 0.63 | 99 (41) | 23 (43) | 1.09 (0.60–1.97) | 0.78 |
| Mode of arrivalb | ||||||||
| Personal transport | 726 (67) | 82 (67) | 1.0 (reference) | 181 (74) | 44 (81) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| EMS | 225 (21) | 28 (23) | 1.10 (0.70–1.74) | 0.68 | 27 (11) | 5 (9) | 0.76 (0.28–2.09) | 0.60 |
| Law enforcement | 126 (12) | 13 (11) | 0.91 (0.49–1.69) | 0.77 | 35 (14) | 5 (9) | 0.59 (0.22–1.59) | 0.29 |
| Payment type | ||||||||
| Commercial | 392 (36) | 26 (21) | 1.0 (reference) | 142 (58) | 28 (52) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Medicare or Medicaid | 510 (47) | 69 (56) | 2.04 (1.28–3.26) | 0.003 | 74 (30) | 18 (33) | 1.23 (0.64–2.38) | 0.53 |
| Other/self-pay | 179 (17) | 28 (23) | 2.36 (1.34–4.14) | 0.003 | 28 (11) | 8 (15) | 1.45 (0.60–3.51) | 0.41 |
| Diagnosis | ||||||||
| Mood disorder | 283 (26) | 32 (26) | 1.75 (0.95–3.23) | 0.07 | 57 (23) | 11 (20) | 0.95 (0.38–2.37) | 0.91 |
| Suicidal or homicidal ideation | 407 (38) | 57 (46) | 2.17 (1.23–3.81) | 0.007 | 133 (55) | 32 (59) | 1.18 (0.56–2.51) | 0.67 |
| Altered thought processesc | 128 (12) | 17 (14) | 2.06 (1.02–4.16) | 0.045 | 54 (22) | 11 (20) | 1.0 (reference) | |
| All others | 263 (24) | 17 (14) | 1.0 (reference) | |||||
| Length of stay, median (IQR; range), hd | 4.4 (3.4–6.4; 0.3–76.0) | 12.8 (8.6–18.2; 3.3–140.1) | 1.47 (1.34–1.61) | <0.001 | 4.6 (3.2–15.7; 2.0–75.1) | 15.9 (11.0–25.9;3.0–243.0) | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | <0.001 |
EMS, emergency medical services; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Values are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless specified otherwise.
b
For adult patients, n=1,200; for pediatric patients, n=297.
c
All other diagnoses were combined with this category for the analysis of pediatric patients.
d
OR represents a 4-h increase in length of stay.